Estelle Roberts
The Rise of Modern Spiritualist Mediumship
Public fascination with communication beyond death reached extraordinary levels during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Spiritualism, a religious and social movement built upon the belief that human consciousness survives physical death and remains capable of communicating with the living, spread rapidly throughout Britain, Europe, and North America. SΓ©ances, trance lectures, automatic writing, and spirit photography attracted large audiences and intense debate. Newspapers reported demonstrations with curiosity and skepticism, while scientific investigators attempted to test claims associated with psychic phenomena.
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